tashahhud_index_en.mp3

When a person should raise and lower his index finger during Tashahhud? 

sahw_en.mp3

What to do if a person doubts that he missed a Rakaa in prayer

Should the index finger be put down before or after Tasleem ?

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته 
The Sunnah with regards to pointing with the index finger is to point with it during the time of supplication (Dua) and this includes the entire words of the Tashahhud according to the correct opinion . Therefore both sayings are among the sayings of the people of knowledge, so either you put down the index finger before the Tasleem or after it . It is all same even though it is better to put it after the Tasleem , because  the Tasleem is a form of Dua as well... and all of that is good In Sha Allah . 

Starting to give Salam whilst turning one's head

وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته 

These words and descriptions are not clear and they contradict the Hadith of Ibn Masood رضي الله عنه that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم used to do the Tasleem on his right and on his left saying 
"السلام عليكم ورحمة الله" . The narration says " كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ حَتَّى يُرَى بَيَاضُ خَدِّهِ : " السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ " which means the pronunciation will start when he start turning for the Tasleem.

Also in a practical way you should  know that the time taken for  pronouncing the Tasleem is longer than the time taken for turning one's head to the right and the left . Therefore , you should begin to pronounce the Salam from the beginning of turning the head and do not return it back straight until you have completed the pronunciation of the Salam. This is how you should do for both sides. 

And yes... your prayer is valid إن شاء الله and you dont need to make Sujood Sahw for such matters.

 والله أعلم. 

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